- Being allergic
- What is allergy?
- The risk factors
A genetic predisposition
In allergic individuals, there is a type of antibody called IgE, which recognises the allergens to which the individual is sensitive. These antibodies then trigger inflammation upon contact.
Some individuals will be more likely to develop an allergic response due to having a genetic predisposition. This genetic predisposition is called atopy.
If neither parent is allergic | 12.5% to 15% |
If one of the parents is allergic | 25% to 40% |
If both parents are allergic | 50% to 65% |
If both parents plus another close family member are allergic | < ou = à 75% |
The environment
Changes in the environment and lifestyles, increasing urbanisation, pollution, tobacco use or passive smoking (secondhand smoke) and the changes in our eating habits are all factors that promote the development of allergies. Individuals are constantly confronted by new allergens. Atmospheric pollutants are not the cause of allergic manifestations but they appear as aggravating factors.
The hygiene hypothesis
[1] Several current studies showed that the prevalence of allergic diseases was less important in children who live in large families and who develop more infections. Indeed, according to some studies, babies subjected to infectious environment would be better protected from allergic diseases.
[1] Liu et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 ; 111: 471-8
